Safira Desita

REPORT TEXT

Definition of Report Text

Report is a text which presents information about something, as it is. It is as a result of systematic observation and analyses.

Generic Structure of Report text

# General Classification: Stating classification of general aspect of thing; animal, public place, plant, etc which will be discussed in general
# Description: tells what the phenomenon under discussion; in terms of parts, qualities, habits or behaviors.

Purpose of Report text

Its social purpose is presenting information about something. They generally describe an entire class of things, whether natural or made: mammals, the planets, rocks, plants, countries of region, culture, transportation, and so on.

The Characteristics / Language Feature of Report text:

– Use of general nouns, eg hunting dogs, rather than particular nouns, eg our dog;
– Use of relating verbs to describe features, eg Molecules are tiny particles;
– Some use of action verbs when describing behaviour, eg Emus cannot fly;
– Use of timeless present tense to indicate usualness, eg Tropical cyclones always begin over the sea;
– Use of technical terms, eg Isobars are lines drawn on a weather map;
– Use of paragraphs with topic sentences to organise bundles of information; repeated naming of the topic as the beginning focus of the clause.

Example of Report text

Read the text below, and see the translation

Thanksgiving Day

Thanksgiving or Thanksgiving Day is a celebration of harvest, thankfulness for peace, and the attempt of Native Americans. It is usually celebrated in late autumn.

In the past, Thanksgiving was celebrated for their rich harvest in New England. In North America, however, it was originally held to thank God for their survival in the new land which was not easy for them. However, in Canada, it had been celebrated as in New England. Thanksgiving now is celebrated in United States of America and in Canada. Thanksgiving festivals are held every fourth Thursday of November in the U.S and on the second Monday of October in Canada. It is usually celebrated in four to five days in the North America and for three days in Canada.

It is celebrated through families and friends gathering to eat and give good luck. Turkey is the main dish in the thanksgiving dinner. Thanksgiving parades are also usually held. In Thanksgiving homes are decorated with wreaths, fresh and dried flowers. Lamps are lighted to brighten the environment. Tables are decorated with best china and antique silver dishes to mark the occasion.

Exercise

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Key answer

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PROCEDURE TEXT

Definition of Procedure Text

There are three definition about procedure text:

(1) Texts that explain how something works or how to use instruction / operation manuals e.g. how to use the video, the computer, the tape recorder, the photocopier, the fax.

(2) Texts that instruct how to do a particular activity e.g. recipes, rules for games, science experiments, road safety rules.

(3) Texts that deal with human behavior, e.g how to live happily, how to succeed

Generic Structure of Procedure Text

# Goal : (e.g : How to make spaghetti)
# Material or Ingredient : (e.g : the material to cook omelette are egg, onion, vegetable oil, etc. )
# Step : (e.g : first, wash the tomatoes, onion, …., second cut the onions becomes slice. . . )

Purpose of Procedure Text

– To explain/tell (the reader) how to make/operate/do something through a sequence of actions or steps.
– To explain steps/instruction to make/operate/do something

Language Feature of Procedure Text:

– Use adverbial of sequence / Using temporal conjunction (e.g: first, second, third, the last)
– Use command / imperative sentence (e.g : put the noodles on the . . ., cut the onion. . ., wash the tomatoes. . . )
– Using adverbials (Adverbs) to express detail the time, place, manner accurate, for example, for five minutes, 2 hours, etc.
– Using action verbs, e.g : make, take, boil, cook
– Using Simple Present Tense

Examples of Procedure Text

HOW TO MAKE A CUP Of COFFEE

MATERIALS AND INREGEDIENTS:
– 2 spoons of sugar
– one spoon of coffee powder
– hot water
– a cup
– a spoon

PROCEDURE:
1. Prepare two spoons of sugar, a cup, hot water, one spoon of coffee powder.
2. Put one spoon of coffee powder into the cup.
3. Pour some hot water into the cup.
4. Add 2 spoons of sugar into a cup of coffee
5. Stir it well and the hot coffee is ready to drink

HOW TO MAKE NASI UDUK

INGREDIENTS:
– 2 cups of rice
– 2 cups of coconut milk
– 1 tsp salt
– 1 pandan leaf
– 1 jeruk purut leaf
– 1 salam leaf
– 1 lemon grass

UTENSILS:
– pan
– big pot
– steamer
– rice paddle

COOKING METHOD:
1. Cook the coconut milk with all the other ingredients except the rice.
2. Meanwhile, wash the rice in another big pot.
3. When the coconut milk comes to a boil, pour it in the pot filled with rice and stir frequently until all the liquid is absorbed.
4. Move the rice to a steamer until it is cooked.
5. Take out the leaves before serving.

PRESENTATION:
1. Serve hot on a platter with shredded omelet and a mixture of fried peanuts and fried onions.
2. Garnish the platter with sliced cucumber, tomato and green leaves. This recipe makes 4 servings.

How To Make Fruit Ice

Materials:

· Mango

· Avocado

· Sugar water

· Milk

· Ice

· Apple

· Strawberries

· Wine

· Jackfruit

Steps:

1. First, Cut the fruit round or dice.

2. Then, Scratching the flesh of a melon.

3. Then, Boil sugar with water until cooked for about 30 minutes.

4. Next, Put in serving glasses that have been cut round pieces or dice.

5. Then, to taste Pour the sugar water, put ice cubes and put milk on ice fruit.

6. Last, put the decorations on the glass with a piece of strawberry on it.

Exercise

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Key answer

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CARDINAL NUMBER

Cardinal Number

a. Definition

Cardinal numbers are counting numbers. The numbers that we use for counting are called cardinal numbers.

b. Table of cardinal number

Cardinal numbers from 1 through 1,000,000
1	one	11	eleven	21	twenty-one	31	thirty-one
2	two	12	twelve	22	twenty-two	40	forty
3	three	13	thirteen	23	twenty-three	50	Fifty
4	four	14	fourteen	24	twenty-four	60	Sixty
5	five	15	fifteen	25	twenty-five	70	Seventy
6	six	16	sixteen	26	twenty-six	80	Eighty
7	seven	17	seventeen	27	twenty-seven	90	Ninety
8	eight	18	eighteen	28	twenty-eight	100	a/one hundred
9	nine	19	nineteen	29	twenty-nine	1,000	a/one thousand
10	ten	20	twenty	30	thirty	1,000,000	a/one million

c. Rules

· Separation between hundreds and tens

Hundreds and tens are usually separated by 'and' (in American English 'and' is not necessary).

- 110 - one hundred and ten

- 1,250 - one thousand, two hundred and fifty

- 2,001 - two thousand and one

· Hundreds

- Use 100 always with 'a' or 'one'.

- 100 - a hundred / one hundred

- 'a' can only stand at the beginning of a number.

- 100 - a hundred / one hundred

- 2,100 - two thousand, one hundred

· Thousands and Millions

- Use 1,000 and 1,000,000 always with 'a' or 'one'.

- 1,000 - a thousand / one thousand

- 201,000 - two hundred and one thousand

- Use commas as a separator.

· The Number 1,000,000,000

- In English this number is a billion. This is very tricky for nations where 'a billion' has 12 zeros. 1,000,000,000,000 in English, however, is a trillion.

- But don't worry, these numbers are even a bit problematic for native speakers: for a long time the British 'billion' had 12 zeros (a number with 9 zeros was called 'a thousand million'). Now, however, also in British English 'a billion' has 9 zeros. But from time to time this number still causes confusion (just like this paragraph, I'm afraid).

· Singular or Plural?

- Numbers are usually written in singular.

- two hundred Euros
several thousand light years

- The plural is only used with dozen, hundred, thousand, million, billion, if they are not modified by another number or expression (e.g. a few / several).

- hundreds of Euros
thousands of light years

Exercise

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Key answer

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